Rainfall is shown by a bar graph, with the figures being shown down the left side of the graph. Climate graph. The climate graph below shows average annual rainfall and temperature throughout the year for a particular area.
Climate graphs are useful for identifying climate patterns in a location. They consist of a blue bars graph representing rainfall for each month of the year and a red line graph representing the temperature. In this Geography tutorial I show you how to make a Climate Graph using temperature and rainfall data.
NB: This is for guidance purposes ONLY. Learners should consult their prescribed learning material as a primary for any school assessments. Our content is not a prescribed memorandum, but a general knowledge.
Possible Reasons for Increasing Rainfall in South Africa
- Climate Change: Climate change is altering weather patterns around the globe. Increasing global temperatures can lead to increased evaporation and consequently, more moisture in the atmosphere. This can result in more intense rainfall events.
- El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle: The ENSO cycle can significantly influence rainfall in South Africa. La Niña phase of the cycle typically brings wetter conditions to the region, while El Niño often results in drier conditions. Variations in the ENSO cycle might have contributed to the observed increase in rainfall.
- Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD): The IOD refers to the temperature difference between the western and eastern parts of the Indian Ocean. Changes in the IOD can influence the amount of rainfall that South Africa receives.
- Changes in Antarctic Sea Ice: Antarctic sea ice can influence the path and intensity of storm systems moving across the Southern Ocean towards South Africa. Changes in sea ice could potentially impact rainfall patterns in South Africa.
- Anthropogenic Factors: Human activities such as deforestation or afforestation, urbanization, and changes in land use can alter local weather patterns and potentially increase rainfall.
It’s important to note that while these factors can influence rainfall patterns, climate and weather are highly complex systems influenced by a myriad of factors. To determine the precise reasons for the increase in rainfall observed in South Africa from 2017 to 2021, detailed scientific studies would need to be conducted. These would likely involve climatologists using complex climate models to analyze various data and tease apart the relative impacts of different factors.
Annual rainfall graphs of the past five years in South Africa
The numbers you’ve provided represent the annual rainfall totals in millimeters (mm) for South Africa from 2017 to 2021. Here’s a brief analysis of the data:
- 2017: The annual rainfall for the year was 431.76 mm. This would serve as our base year for comparison.
- 2018: The annual rainfall slightly decreased to 389.73 mm. This would indicate a drier year compared to 2017, with a decrease of about 9.7%.
- 2019: The annual rainfall was 390.05 mm, virtually the same as in 2018, indicating another year with relatively low rainfall.
- 2020: The annual rainfall increased to 468.19 mm. This is an increase of approximately 20% from the previous year, indicating a wetter year compared to 2018 and 2019.
- 2021: The annual rainfall increased further to 526.6 mm. This is the highest rainfall total in the five-year period, and it’s about 12.4% higher than 2020’s total.
This analysis shows a trend of increasing annual rainfall in South Africa from 2018 to 2021. Such trends could be influenced by various factors, including changes in global climate patterns, local weather phenomena, or even shifts in oceanic currents and temperatures. However, to fully understand the reasons behind these changes, a more detailed climatological study would be needed.
Remember, while this data might suggest a trend, climate is complex and varies greatly from year to year. It’s important to look at long-term patterns (over many decades) to understand true climate trends.